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Home博物館パランガ琥珀博物館

パランガ琥珀博物館

パランガ琥珀博物館はリトアニアのパランガのバルト海沿岸にある修復された19世紀のTiškevičiai(ティシュケビチアイ)宮殿の中にあり、周囲はパランガ植物園となっています。 博物館が所蔵する琥珀コレクションは、約28,000点におよび、そのうち約15,000点には昆虫、クモ、植物などが閉じ込められています。 そのうちの約4,500個の琥珀が展示されおり、 これらの多くはアート作品やジュエリーのアイテムとなっています。 

バルト海沿岸は先史時代からユーラシアの琥珀貿易の中心地となってきました(「琥珀の道」を参照)。 19世紀にJuodkrantė付近で琥珀でできた新石器時代の遺物が発見されました(残念ながらこれらの遺物は20世紀の間に消えてしまいましたが)。 リトアニアの神話、民間伝承、そして芸術は、琥珀と深い関連があります。JūratėとKastytisの伝説には雷神Perkūnasによって粉々にされるバルティック海の中の琥珀の城が登場します。その破片が、バルト海の浜辺に今でも打ちあがる琥珀の源であると言われてきました。

パランガでは17世紀に琥珀産業が初めて登場しました。 18世紀の終わりまでにパランガはロシア帝国の琥珀産業の中心でした。 第一次世界大戦前の数年間に、年間約2,000キログラムの琥珀の原石がパランガで加工されていました。 

「琥珀の太陽(the Amber Sun)」または「太陽の石(the sun stone)」と呼ばれているヨーロッパ最大級の琥珀がこの博物館で展示されています。一般公開されている展示エリアは、約750平方メートルの広さで15の展示室があります。 宮殿に隣接した礼拝堂も時期によっては見学することもできます。 

1階部分は琥珀の形成と構成を説明する展示を見ることができます。 この地域の琥珀は、約4000万から4,500万年前に河川のデルタ状堆積物の中で生じました。樹液が微生物、酸化、および重合によって琥珀に変わっていく過程がわかりやすく示されています。変化の途中の状態のサンプル(すなわち、「琥珀の中の琥珀」)が表示されたコーナーもあります。 美術館には、ヨーロッパで3番目に大きい琥珀の標本「太陽の石」(大きさ210×190×150 mm、重さ2,526グラム)があります。世界の他の地域からの琥珀もコレクションされています。

 文化的および芸術的な展示コーナーには、15世紀の指輪、16世紀の十字架、および過去4世紀の琥珀の宝石類、そして数々のロザリオ、タバコ入れ、装飾用の箱などがあります。

植物園

約100ヘクタールの庭園が美術館を囲んでいます。庭園はフランスの造園家で植物学者でもあるエドゥアール・アンドレ(1840-1911)によって設計されました。地元の歴史家によると、もともとは約500種類の木や低木が植えられており、そのいくつかはベルリンの庭園から持って来られものだったと考えられています。現在は約250種の輸入植物種と370種の在来植物種がこの庭園に生息しています。 これらのうちの24種はリトアニアの1992年の絶滅危惧種リストに含まれています。 砂質土壌に適応した松やモミの木が多く植えられています

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